گرمایش جهانی، اسیدی شدن اقیانوس‌ها و پاسخ جانوران کربنات کلسیم ساز

نوع مقاله : مقاله ترویجی

نویسندگان

1 زیست شناسی دریا- دانشگاه هرمزگان

2 گروه زیست شناسی دریا- دانشکده علوم و فنون دریایی دانشگاه هرمزگان

چکیده

به طور معمول سطح آب اقیانوس‌ها با کربنات کلسیم اشباع شده است؛ اما افزایش غلظت CO2 اتمسفری، منجر به کاهش میزان غلظت یون کربنات و نیز pH آب دریاها و اقیانوس‌ها شده است. پیش بینی‌ها حاکی از این است که تا پایان قرن، شاهد دوبرابر شدن میزان CO2 و درنتیجه افزایش 3 درجه ایِ میانگین دمای آب اقیانوسی و کاهش pH تا 4/0-3/0 واحد نسبت به pH امروزی آب‌ها خواهیم بود. شواهد تجربی گویای این امرست که چنانچه این روند ادمه یابد ارگانیسم‌ها و موجودات کلیدی دریاها همچون مرجان‌ها و برخی از پلانکتون‌های کربنات کلسیم ساز برای ساخت کربنات کلسیم مورد نیاز خود با مشکل مواجه خواهند شد و ادامه آن می‌تواند منجر به مرگ این موجودات و آسیب رسیدن به این اکوسیستم‌های حساس گردد و باعث از بین رفتن بخش عظیمی از تنوع زیستی آب‌ها شود. در این مطالعه ضمن تشریح فرآیند صورت گرفته در اثر ورود CO2 به محیط‌های آبی، راجع به تاثیرات آن بر ویژگی‌های فیزیکوشیمیایی آب و نیز پیامد‌های آن برای موجودات کربنات کلسیم ساز به بحث پرداخته‌ایم.

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