شناسایی و تعیین شدت بیماریزایی قارچ های همراه با گونه گیاهی مهاجم سنبل آبی در اکوسیستم های تالابی گیلان

نوع مقاله : مقاله ترویجی

نویسندگان

1 عضو هیئت علمی مرکز تحقیقات و اموزش کشاورزی گیلان

2 پژوهشکده آبزی پروری آبهای داخلی

چکیده

طی سال 97-1396، به منظور شناسایی و مقایسه شدت بیماری‌زایی قارچهای همراه با گیاه آبزی مهاجم سنبل آبی (Eichhornia crassipes L.) در اکوسیستم های تالابی گیلان تعداد 58 نمونه از قسمت های برگ، ساقه و دمبرگ گیاه جمع آوری و در آزمایشگاه بررسی گردید.. تعداد 31 جدایه قارچی با فراوانی های نسبی متفاوت شامل Alternaria alternata (39/48%)، Curvularia lunata (13/16%)، Colletotrichum lindemutianum (45/6%)، Phoma sp. (45/6%)، Bipolaris victoriae (68/9%) و Fusarium semitectum (9/12%) جداسازی و شناسایی شدند. بیماریزایی و ویرولانس جدایه های قارچی به روش برگ جدا شده و بر اساس پهنا[(بسیار بیماریزا: 5میلی متر<، بیماریزا: 5-3میلی متر<، بیماریزایی کم: 3میلی متر>)] و طول زمان ظهور لکه های برگی [(ویرولانس بالا: 5 روز>، ویرولانس: 7-5 روز، ویرولانس متوسط: 10-7 روز، ویرولانس پایین: 10 روز<)] تعیین گردید. نتایج آزمایشگاهی و گلخانه ای نشان داد که، جدایه های A. alternate و C. lunata دارای بیشترین و شدت بیماری را روی سنبل آبی بودند. لیکن، استفاده از این قارچ ها بدلیل اختصاصی نبودن میزبان و خصوصاً بیماریزایی آنها روی محصولات مهم اقتصادی منطقه از جمله برنج، امکان پذیر نیست.

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